【随缘开示《自我觉知- 「我」怎広了?》】

27-10-2024:

【隨緣开示 ~ 定融法师】

《自我觉知- 「我」怎広了?》

【Chinese Dhamma Talk ~ Venerable Ding Rong】

《Self-awareness-What happened to me?》

💧⭐💧⭐💧⭐💧⭐💧⭐💧

🔴开示大义如下：

▪️什么是觉知? What is Awareness?

▪️觉知也是觉察

▪️从不知道而发現

▪️知是認識

▫️觉：觉察(发現)

▫️知：明了(认识)

▪️从

~ 不知不觉   ➡️ 有現知現觉

~ 后知后觉   ➡️ 先知先觉

~ 錯知錯觉   ➡️ 正知正觉

▪️自我觉知

▫️从社会角度。。。

▫️从佛法角度。。。

▪️我怎広了?

▫️宗教与哲学的「我」

▪️宗教上的含意：

▪️具有主宰力量的最高神祗。

（梵我、真我、神我与灵魂、实我）

▫️哲学上的含意：

▪️个人意志,深沉的自我感,自尊心等。

(自我,自体,  意识)

▪️「自体」(Self)与 「自我」（Ego）

▪️「自体」Self是人的整▪️体表征：

包含：心理、生理、感官活动。

▪️一般称为「我」、经常指的就是「自体」。

▪️「自我」Ego是𐆤很抽象的精神概念。

▪️「自我」是个独存感：

不能从外观认识的存在者、組织者。

▪️但它能觉察自体的存在、也能夠監督反省𐆤体心理活动。

▪️即是个人对自身存在的体驗。

▪️「自我」是心理治疗最重要的目标。

▪️外在需求(物質)

~ 衣,食,住,行

▪️內在渴望(心理)

~ 尊重、接納、认同,关爱

▪️佛教 ~ 五藴之「我」

▪️五藴之「我」、不过是五法积聚

▪️(色受想行识)､暫时的和合、

▪️只有假名、沒有实体 。

▪️五藴是因緣所生、在五藴之外不存在

▪️独立的「我」或永恒不变的主体。

▪️众生自体、本沒有𓎴变▪️而独存的自体、

▪️如外道所说的「神我」、「灵性」、

▪️而只是身、心(藴、处、界)的总和活动。                                                  《成佛之道》

▪️有情=

▪️名法

▫️精神一「心」

（受、想、行、识）

▫️物质一「身」

（色）

▪️人們之所以痛苦主要的問題就在于一𐆤字

「我」

▪️依佛法说：

▫️有情的生死流轉、

▫️世間的苦迫纷乱、

▪️根本为「我见」在作崇。

▪️我見、即人人于自己的身心、有意无意的直觉到自我°

▪️強烈的自我感为中心、于是乎犮为一切顛倒的思想与行为。                                                             《佛法概论》

▪️「我」是主宰的意思：

▫️主：自己作得主

▫️宰：由我支配他

▪️「我」

▪️一个強烈的顛倒自我感、以自我为中心。

（屬於我、我所有、我所知、我所支配）

▪️一切想以自己的意欲來決定！

▪️世间引起的爭斗不出于「欲爭」与「见爭」

▫️人我、家庭、社会、世界

▪️大人的世界將会是如何？

▪️有权有势的人将会是如何？

▪️人们为了

滿足、捍卫、強化自身的「欲」与「见」

▪️將会为𐆤人、社会、国家、世界造成什広影响？

▫️「战胜增怨敌、战败卧不安、胜败兩俱舍、臥觉寂靜乐」

▪️这是佛陀对侵略者著名的教训。

▪️战乱、敌对、仇恨、斗争

▪️人们在追求什広？

▪️为何引犮「欲争与见爭」？

▪️因「爱欲」与「无明」

▪️为何「爱欲」与「无明」？

▫️「我」

▪️「五藴」的代名詞 = 「我」

▪️众生自体,本沒有不变而独存的自体,

▪️如外道所说的「神我」」

▪️《四取》

▫️欲取：執着「欲貪」

▫️我取：执着「有我」

▫️戒禁取：执取与解脫无关的戒

▫️取取：执着「邪见」

▪️佛陀：

▪️「人的我执导致了生命苦难的犮生、而我执最直接的表現就是情绪。」

▪️自我检視：

▫️「情緒」有多強烈、

也反映了自身的「我执」就有多强烈。

▪️「苦」

▫️身心苦迫

▫️生、老、病、死

▫️爱別离、怨憎会、求不得、

▫️五阴炽盛

▪️情绪及其結果、來自於錯誤的理解、

▪️这源头、即是有无明的根源 ～ 执著于「自我」。

▪️只要是恋着而难以放下的、一切都是染爱。

▪️世俗之爱与恨是同在的。

▪️嗔心跟爱染是同一体的兩面。

▪️对「爱」的执取、对「嗔」的执取。

▪️从极強的： 贪婪、痴迷、渴求。

▪️到微細的日子：喜爱、追求、都屬于欲贪。

▪️总想要得到更多、更长久。

▪️一旦失去了丶轻者不舍、觉得可惜丶重者忧悲恼苦丶

▪️觉得痛不欲生了。

▫️《中、阿含经》：

如果有了爱丶就跟着有忧丶

悲丶恼丶苦丶愁戚丶哭泣」。

▫️《法句经》：

「从爱生忧患丶从爱生怖畏；

离爱无忧患丶何处有怖畏」？

▪️因有「爱」就有占有欲丶有占有欲就有固执丶坚定的执念。

▫️佛说：「爱莫过于己」。

▪️一个不了解「无我」的人：

▪️將会倾向于以自我为中心而只顧自己的利益。

常会感到他人及环境对自己的威脅。

▪️会強烈地感到必須不惜一切保护自己及附屬品丶

乃至于个人的見解。

▪️錯誤的见解

▫️「我执」又名「我见」

是对「虛幻不实、五藴和合的身心」

▫️固執的认为存在一个「能自在主宰的实我」

▫️由于本來无我、却妄生執着。

▫️处处以我为中心便產生了种种烦恼。

▪️执着的影响

▫️执着的影响可由錯误的观念丶思想、教育、传说丶想法、价值观、行为、环境等因素而

🔴 The main points of the talk were as follows:

▪️What is Awareness?

▫️Awareness is also about perception—discovering from the unknown.

▪️"Knowing" is recognition.

▪️"Awareness" means perceiving or discovering.

▪️"Knowing" means understanding or recognizing.

From:

▪️Unaware ➡️ Attaining immediate awareness

▪️Delayed awareness ➡️ Early awareness

▪️Misunderstood awareness ➡️ Right awareness

▪️Self-awareness

▫️From a social perspective...

▫️From a Dhamma perspective...

▪️What happened to "I"?

▫️In Religion: It represents the highest deity with controlling power.

(Higher Self, True Self, Divine Self, Soul, Real Self)

▫️In Philosophy: It conveys individual will, a profound sense of self, pride, etc.

(Self, Ego, Consciousness)

▪️"Self" vs. "Ego"

▪️"Self" is a holistic representation of a person: psychological, physiological, sensory activities, usually referred to as "I" or "Self."

▪️"Ego" is an abstract mental concept, a sense of individual identity. It perceives the existence of the self and monitors internal psychological activities, representing personal experience of one's existence and being a key focus in psychological therapy.

▪️External Needs (Material):

▫️Clothing, food, shelter, transportation

▪️Inner Desires

(Psychological):

▫️Respect, acceptance, recognition, care

▪️Buddhism and the Concept of "I" in Five Aggregates

▪️The "I" in Five Aggregates is merely a combination of five elements (form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness), temporarily united with a name, lacking a substantial entity.

▪️The Five Aggregates are born from causes and conditions; there is no independent "I" or eternal, unchanging essence outside these aggregates.

▪️Living Beings and the "I"

▪️People suffer primarily due to the concept of "I." According to Buddhism, the cycle of life and death, along with worldly suffering, is rooted in attachment to "self-view"—the instinctive belief in a self that leads to distorted thoughts and actions. ▪️This strong sense of self becomes the center of all misperceptions and actions.

▫️"I" as a Sense of Control

▫️"I" implies dominion:

▪️Self-determination: making one's own decisions

▪️Control: influencing others

▪️A powerful, distorted sense of self-centered on one's desires and beliefs.

▪️Worldly Conflicts

▫️Conflicts often stem from "desire conflicts" and "view conflicts"—between individuals, families, society, and nations. People strive to satisfy, defend, and reinforce their desires and perspectives, impacting society, nations, and the world.

▪️Buddha's Teaching on Conflicts

▫️"Victory breeds resentment; defeat brings suffering. Abandon victory and defeat for the peace of quiet."

▪️The Cause of Suffering

▫️Suffering and emotional turmoil arise from mistaken understanding, rooted in attachment to the "self." Anything that is clung to, which is hard to let go, falls under "attachment."

▪️Attachment to "Love" and "Anger"

▫️Attachment to love and anger, from intense greed and obsession to the smallest desires, all represent attachment. People want more and for it to last longer. When this is lost, they may experience sadness, regret, and sometimes even deep sorrow.

▪️From Buddhist Texts:

Madhyama Āgama Sutra: ▫️"With love comes sorrow, suffering, and regret."

▪️Dhammapada:

▫️ "From love comes sorrow, from love comes fear; without love, there is neither sorrow nor fear."

▪️Attachment influences thoughts, ideas, values, behaviors, and the environment, often leading to mistaken views and misunderstandings.

▪️The Buddha said: "Love is no greater than self-love."

▪️A person who does not understand "non-self":

▪️Will tend to be self-centered, only caring about personal interests.

▪️Often feels threatened by others and the environment.

▪️Strongly feels the need to protect themselves and their possessions, even to the point of fiercely defending their personal opinions.

▪️Erroneous Views

▫️"Ego attachment," also known as "self-view," is the mistaken belief in a truly independent "self" within the impermanent body and mind, which are merely a combination of the five aggregates.

▪️Firmly believing there exists a "real, autonomous self."

▪️Due to the fundamental nature of non-self, this attachment is illusory.

▪️Centering everything around oneself gives rise to various afflictions.

▪️The Impact of Attachment

▫️The impact of attachment can arise from mistaken beliefs, thoughts, education, myths, opinions, values, behaviors, environment, and other factors.